Transfer risk
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Articles
7 October 2026
Schrems II Training Data: Where Third-Country Risk Bites
A training pipeline can disclose personal data through storage, annotation, tracking, registries, compute and evaluation. Map each system and assess each disclosure against the EDPB transfer criteria.
6 October 2026
Is Your AWS EU Region Actually GDPR-Safe? The CLOUD Act Problem
An EU region helps establish processing location. Legal disclosure risk also depends on the entities and access involved. Assess both without assuming that a US parent automatically creates a GDPR transfer.
25 August 2026
Can You Use US-Based AI APIs and Stay GDPR Compliant?
Sending API prompts to US-based AI models exposes European enterprises to severe GDPR compliance risks. True data sovereignty requires avoiding cross-border transfers entirely by processing the 3 tiers of personal data exclusively on EU-hosted infrastructure.
30 July 2026
Schrems II and LLM Hosting: Navigating Data Residency Risks
The legal landscape for AI infrastructure in Europe has shifted from theoretical concern to operational risk. The intersection of the GDPR, the US Cloud Act, and the phased implementation of the EU AI Act has created a complex environment for CTOs and ML engineers. While many US-headquartered providers offer 'EU Regions,' the underlying ownership of the infrastructure remains a critical point of failure for compliance. For startups handling sensitive medical, financial, or manufacturing data, the physical location of a GPU is only half the battle. The real challenge lies in jurisdictional sovereignty and the technical reality of how prompt data, model weights, and logs are managed across borders.
9 May 2026
US-Based Inference APIs vs. EU Sovereign Providers: A Strategic Guide
When hyperscaler credits expire, infrastructure decisions shift from prototyping speed to production sustainability. Here is why relying on US-based APIs introduces severe compliance risks, and how the open-source stack has closed the performance gap.
29 April 2026
GPU Cloud Data Sovereignty: Navigating US and EU Infrastructure
As hyperscaler credits expire, AI startups face a critical choice between US-based convenience and European legal certainty. Understanding the jurisdictional reach of the US Cloud Act, and the fact that the EU AI Act itself imposes no data-residency requirement, is now a technical and operational necessity.
28 April 2026
Host LLM in Europe Without US Data Transfer: A Technical Guide
European AI teams face a critical choice: scale on US-based infrastructure and risk regulatory non-compliance, or build on sovereign EU foundations. This guide explores how to deploy high-performance LLMs in European data centres, and where the exceptions to that footprint actually sit.
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